Co-morbid Conditions

 It’s obvious to many people who have lived with morbid obesity for years that the disease has a severe negative impact on quality of life. Because of morbid obesity, you may choose not to participate in certain activities. You may feel that you have limited career choices.
What you may not know is that morbid obesity has been found to affect the quality of your health and the length of your life.   The presence of obesity increases the risk of a number of medical conditions, including cancer. A co-morbid condition is a health condition related to a primary disease such as obesity.   There are many health conditions related to morbid obesity, but some of the most common are:

• Type 2 diabetes, which can lead to heart disease, kidney failure, blindness, amputation of the feet or legs, and nerve damage
• Heart disease, such as hardening of the arteries, heart attack, and angina
• High blood pressure, which can lead to heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, and vision loss
• High cholesterol,which can lead to heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure
• Obstructive sleep apnea has been associated with high blood pressure
• Acid reflux/GERD, which can lead to esophagitis, Barrett’s esophagus, and esophageal cancer (adenocarcinoma)
• Cancer
• Depression
• Osteoarthritis and joint pain, which can lead to loss of mobility
• Stress urinary incontinence
• Female reproductive health disorder, which can lead to infertility and sexual dysfunction

An emerging body of literature demonstrating relationships between maternal obesity and structural birth defects, including:

• Increased risk of spina bifida and heart defects
• Decreased risk of gastroschisis

Mortality rates from many of these conditions are also higher among people with morbid obesity.

Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes can be a lifelong condition. Type 2 diabetes is an increasingly widespread health issue in the U.S. and has serious long-term consequences.

People with type 2 diabetes are at risk for developing:

• Heart disease or suffer strokes due to poor circulation
• Kidney disease and eventually kidney failure, which requires either a kidney transplant or dialysis
• Nerve damage which can lead to digestive problems, bladder problems, sexual dysfunction, and numbness and tingling
• Foot problems including blisters, ulcers, and poor circulation, which can lead to amputation
• Eye complications such as glaucoma, cataracts, and nerve damage, which can lead to blindness
   

Heart Disease and High Blood Pressure

Heart disease and high blood pressure are related health conditions. High blood pressure indicates that your heart is straining to pump blood throughout your circulatory system and can lead to health disorders such as heart disease.

Heart disease is an umbrella term for several diseases that affect the heart and the circulatory system. Heart disease can be quite serious and fatal.

People living with morbid obesity are at risk for developing heart disease and high blood pressure, including conditions such as:

• Coronary artery disease which occurs when the coronary arteries become hardened and narrowed by fatty material; there are rarely any signs or symptoms, so many people with this disease have lived with it for years before the first onset of symptoms, such as a “sudden” heart attack
• Heart attack which occurs when the heart’s blood supply is interrupted and can damage or completely stop the heart
• Angina which occurs when the heart does not get enough blood and feels like pressure or squeezing in the chest, shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or back
• Arrhythmias which are irregular heartbeats, depending on the type, arrhythmias can lead to death
• Heart disease including bleeding along artery walls, hardening of the arteries, and heart attack
• Stroke which is an interruption or blockage of blood to the brain
• Kidney damage and kidney failure due to damaged blood vessels and which can require a kidney transplant or dialysis
• Vision loss due to blocked blood vessels to the eye

High Cholesterol

Cholesterol is a soft, waxy substance found in all parts of the body. High cholesterol can be harmful and is associated with serious health conditions. 

People with high cholesterol are at risk for developing:

• Heart disease including hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis), which is a principle cause of coronary heart disease, and heart attack
• Stroke which is an interruption or blockage of blood to the brain

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea is a sleep disorder with symptoms of loud snoring and long pauses in breathing. Often the person with obstructive sleep apnea is unaware of their condition until they’re told by a family member or friend. Obstructive sleep apnea is linked to several serious conditions and experiences. You may want to compare bariatric surgery’s high resolution rates for this condition to the long-term effects of obstructive sleep apnea.

People with obstructive sleep apnea are at risk for:

• Heart disease which occurs because of low oxygen levels in blood
• High blood pressure due to low oxygen levels in blood
• Heart attack due to low oxygen levels in blood
• Daytime drowsiness which can lower job performance or lead to accidents such as serious car crashes

Acid Reflux/ GERD
occurs when the valve between the stomach and the esophagus is not working. Stomach acid splashes up into the esophagus, which can damage it and lead to painful conditions and cancer.

People with acid reflux are at risk for developing:

• Esophagitis, inflammation of the esophagus, which can cause difficulty swallowing, ulcers, and scarring
• Barrett’s esophagus which occurs because the lining of the esophagus is damaged by stomach acid and can lead to esophageal cancer
• Esophageal cancer (adenocarcinoma) is associated with a low survival rate: only 12% of esophageal cancer patients survive for more than five years

Cancers assocoiated with obesity

Several studies have been conducted to examine the link between morbid obesity and cancer. concluded that several cancers are associated with obesity:

In 2001, experts at the National Cancer Institute
In 2003, an article in the New England Journal of Medicine estimated that obesity could account for:
A Proven Treatment Option
 
Several clinical studies of bariatric surgery show that surgery improved life expectancy in patients by at least 29 to 89 percent.
 
A Note on Relative Risk
 
The charts below refer to "relative risk," which compares how likely an event is to occur to a person versus another person. The charts show how much more likely a person with morbid obesity is to develop cancer or die from cancer versus a person with a healthy weight.
National Cancer Institute Found People Living with Morbid Obesity Are More Likely to Develop Certain Cancers Than Healthy Weight People

Study in the New England Journal of Medicine Found People Living with Morbid Obesity Had Significantly Higher Death Rates from Cancer Than Healthy Weight People
 
Cancer and obesity are linked, but there is hope:
One recent study that examined the effect of intentional weight loss found that women who experienced intentional weight loss of 20 or more pounds and were not currently overweight had cancer rates at the level of healthy women who never lost weight.
Several clinical studies found that bariatric surgery reduced mortality in patients by 29% to 89% when compared to a group of people living with morbid obesity who had not had the surgery.

People with depression may experience:

• Lower quality of life
• Sadness
• Lack of interest in, and withdrawal from, usual activities
• Feelings of hopelessness
• Lack of energy
• Difficulty concentrating
• Difficulty making decisions
• Insomnia or excessive sleep
• Stomach aches and digestive problems
• Sexual dysfunction
• Thoughts of death, suicide, or self-mutilation

Osteoarthritis and Joint Pain
also known as degenerative joint disease. It results in the breakdown of the cartilage in the joints. Without cartilage, the bones rub against each other, and the joints become stiff and painful.

People with osteoarthritis are at risk for developing:

• Muscular atrophy, making it harder and more painful to walk and move around due to the reduced range of movement caused by pain and stiffness in the joints
• Loss of mobility because osteoarthritis commonly occurs in the hips, knees, and spine
• Joint swelling caused by the friction of bones rubbing against each other

Stress Urinary Incontinence
can be an embarrassing health issue that can disrupt social activities and careers. It is an involuntary loss of urine that may occur during physical activity, such as coughing, sneezing, laughing, and exercise

Female Reproductive Health

• Menstrual dysfunction due to polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
• Excess hair (also known as hirsutism) due to PCOS
• Infertility

Venous Stasis Disease
Venous stasis disease occurs when the veins have problems sending blood from the legs back to the heart. Fluid seeps out of the overfilled veins into surrounding leg tissues and cause tissue breakdown and ulcers. And because skin ulcers are the result of poor blood circulation, these wounds are often slow to heal.

People with venous stasis disease may experience:

• Painful ulcers
• Rashes
• Leg pains
• Dark red or purple skin over the affected area
• Skin may become thickened, dry, and itchy

Pseudotumor Cerebri
Pseudotumor cerebri is a condition that appears to be a tumor—but it is not. The major symptom is increased pressure within the skull; other symptoms include headache, buzzing sound in the ears, dizziness, and nausea.

• Vision loss can occur with this condition.

Migraines
Migraines are throbbing headaches that can last up to 48 hours and are often accompanied by vomiting, nausea, loss of appetite, tiredness, and sensitivity to light and sound. While migraines are not generally considered a significant threat to overall health, they are associated with a lower quality of life.

People with migraines are at risk for developing:

• Stroke an extremely rare complication of severe migraines.

Metabolic Syndrome
Also known as syndrome X, metabolic syndrome is a group of risk factors including high blood pressure, high blood sugar, unhealthy cholesterol levels, and abdominal obesity.

People with metabolic syndrome are at risk for developing:

• Heart disease, including hardening of the arteries, which can lead to heart attacks and stroke
• Diabetes which can lead to kidney failure, amputation of feet, and blindness

 Click here to see the results of bariatric Surgery on these conditions.

Depression
A mood disorder during which feelings of sadness, loss, anger, or frustration interfere with everyday living for extended periods of time. This is very different from having a bad day, feeling unhappy, or just "down in the dumps."

• Colon cancer
• Breast cancer (postmenopausal)
• Endometrial cancer (lining of the uterus)
• Kidney cancer
• Esophageal cancer (adenocarcinoma)